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Latest 312-50v13 Certification Test Questions & Latest updated 312-50v13 Test Simulator Fee & Trustable Pdf 312-50v13 Exam Dump

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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q208-Q213):

NEW QUESTION # 208
An ethical hacker is scanning a target network. They initiate a TCP connection by sending an SYN packet to a target machine and receiving a SYN/ACK packet in response. But instead of completing the three-way handshake with an ACK packet, they send an RST packet. What kind of scan is the ethical hacker likely performing and what is their goal?

A. They are performing a vulnerability scan to identify any weaknesses in the target system
B. They are performing an SYN scan to stealthily identify open ports without fully establishing a connection
C. They are performing a TCP connect scan to identify open ports on the target machine
D. They are performing a network scan to identify live hosts and their IP addresses

Answer: B

Explanation:
The ethical hacker is likely performing an SYN scan to stealthily identify open ports without fully establishing a connection. An SYN scan, also known as a half-open scan or a stealth scan, is a type of port scanning technique that exploits the TCP three-way handshake process. The hacker sends an SYN packet to a target port and waits for a response. If the target responds with an SYN/ACK packet, it means the port is open and listening for connections. If the target responds with an RST packet, it means the port is closed and not accepting connections. However, instead of completing the handshake with an ACK packet, the hacker sends an RST packet to abort the connection. This way, the hacker avoids creating a full connection and logging an entry in the target's system, making the scan less detectable and intrusive. The hacker can repeat this process for different ports and identify which ones are open and potentially vulnerable to exploitation12.
The other options are not correct for the following reasons:
* B. They are performing a TCP connect scan to identify open ports on the target machine: This option is incorrect because a TCP connect scan involves establishing a full connection with the target port by completing the TCP three-way handshake. The hacker sends an SYN packet, receives an SYN/ACK packet, and then sends an ACK packet to finalize the connection. Then, the hacker terminates the connection with an RST or FIN packet. A TCP connect scan is more reliable and compatible than an SYN scan, but also more noisy and slow, as it creates more traffic and logs on the target system12.
* C. They are performing a vulnerability scan to identify any weaknesses in the target system: This option is incorrect because a vulnerability scan is a broader and deeper process than a port scan. A vulnerability scan involves identifying and assessing the security flaws and risks in a system or network, such as missing patches, misconfigurations, outdated software, or weak passwords. A vulnerability scan may use port scanning as one of its techniques, but it also uses other methods, such as banner grabbing, service enumeration, or exploit testing. A vulnerability scan usually requires more time, resources, and permissions than a port scan34.
* D. They are performing a network scan to identify live hosts and their IP addresses: This option is incorrect because a network scan is a different process than a port scan. A network scan involves discovering and mapping the devices and hosts connected to a network, such as routers, switches, servers, or workstations. A network scan may use ping, traceroute, or ARP requests to identify the IP addresses, MAC addresses, and hostnames of the live hosts. A network scan usually precedes a port scan, as it provides the target range and scope for the port scan56.
References:
* 1: Port Scanning Techniques - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
* 2: nmap Host Discovery Techniques
* 3: Vulnerability Scanning Tools | OWASP Foundation
* 4: What Is Vulnerability Scanning? Types, Tools and Best Practices | Splunk
* 5: Network Scanning - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
* 6: Network Scanning - Nmap

NEW QUESTION # 209
Which access control mechanism allows for multiple systems to use a central authentication server (CAS) that permits users to authenticate once and gain access to multiple systems?

A. Role Based Access Control (RBAC)
B. Windows authentication
C. Discretionary Access Control (DAC)
D. Single sign-on

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 210
An Internet Service Provider (ISP) has a need to authenticate users connecting via analog modems, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), wireless data services, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN) over a Frame Relay network.
Which AAA protocol is the most likely able to handle this requirement?

A. DIAMETER
B. Kerberos
C. RADIUS
D. TACACS+

Answer: C

Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADIUS
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) management for users who connect and use a network service.
RADIUS is a client/server protocol that runs in the application layer, and can use either TCP or UDP.
Network access servers, which control access to a network, usually contain a RADIUS client component that communicates with the RADIUS server. RADIUS is often the back-end of choice for 802.1X authentication.
A RADIUS server is usually a background process running on UNIX or Microsoft Windows.
Authentication and authorization
The user or machine sends a request to a Network Access Server (NAS) to gain access to a particular network resource using access credentials. The credentials are passed to the NAS device via the link-layer protocol- for example, Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) in the case of many dialup or DSL providers or posted in an HTTPS secure web form.
In turn, the NAS sends a RADIUS Access Request message to the RADIUS server, requesting authorization to grant access via the RADIUS protocol.
This request includes access credentials, typically in the form of username and password or security certificate provided by the user. Additionally, the request may contain other information which the NAS knows about the user, such as its network address or phone number, and information regarding the user's physical point of attachment to the NAS.
The RADIUS server checks that the information is correct using authentication schemes such as PAP, CHAP or EAP. The user's proof of identification is verified, along with, optionally, other information related to the request, such as the user's network address or phone number, account status, and specific network service access privileges. Historically, RADIUS servers checked the user's information against a locally stored flat- file database. Modern RADIUS servers can do this or can refer to external sources-commonly SQL, Kerberos, LDAP, or Active Directory servers-to verify the user's credentials.
Shape Description automatically generated with medium confidence

The RADIUS server then returns one of three responses to the NAS:
1) Access-Reject,
2) Access-Challenge,
3) Access-Accept.
Access-Reject
The user is unconditionally denied access to all requested network resources. Reasons may include failure to provide proof of identification or an unknown or inactive user account.
Access-Challenge
Requests additional information from the user such as a secondary password, PIN, token, or card. Access- Challenge is also used in more complex authentication dialogs where a secure tunnel is established between the user machine and the Radius Server in a way that the access credentials are hidden from the NAS.
Access-Accept
The user is granted access. Once the user is authenticated, the RADIUS server will often check that the user is authorized to use the network service requested. A given user may be allowed to use a company's wireless network, but not its VPN service, for example. Again, this information may be stored locally on the RADIUS server or may be looked up in an external source such as LDAP or Active Directory.

NEW QUESTION # 211
You have gained physical access to a Windows 2008 R2 server which has an accessible disc drive. When you attempt to boot the server and log in, you are unable to guess the password. In your toolkit, you have an Ubuntu 9.10 Linux LiveCD. Which Linux-based tool can change any user's password or activate disabled Windows accounts?

A. SET
B. CHNTPW
C. John the Ripper
D. Cain & Abel

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 212
Bob, your senior colleague, has sent you a mail regarding a deal with one of the clients. You are requested to accept the offer and you oblige. After 2 days. Bob denies that he had ever sent a mail. What do you want to
""know"" to prove yourself that it was Bob who had send a mail?

A. Integrity
B. Authentication
C. Non-Repudiation
D. Confidentiality

Answer: C

Explanation:
Non-repudiation is the assurance that someone cannot deny the validity of something. Non-repudiation is a legal concept that is widely used in information security and refers to a service, which provides proof of the origin of data and the integrity of the data. In other words, non-repudiation makes it very difficult to successfully deny who/where a message came from as well as the authenticity and integrity of that message.

NEW QUESTION # 213
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